Compost bins work

Our compost bin has been full for months now and we have just been adding food scraps to it regardless. The time has come to empty it, do something with its content, and start afresh. My husband proceeds to dig it out. The first wheelbarrow is ready to go. "You better test it", he calls out. I grab a sample and run over to the microscope.

It's beautiful. It is rich in bacteria, and it has a good number of ameaba in it. Not too many hyphal fungi in there, but a few potential hyphal fungi spores. It looks and feels great. I run out of the house with thumbs up. The wheelbarrow departs towards our other compost heaps. (Had the thumbs been down, the wheelbarrow may well have departed in the direction of Bob's valley. I guess we will never know.)

So what did it look and feel like?
Soil. Absolutely crawling with worms soil. Really nice, little bit sticky, not too wet, but definitely moist, soil. Crawling with worms. Dark dark brown, almost black in colour. And did I mention the worms?

What can it be used for?
Growing most garden plants - veggies, flowers, herbs. Not trees though. It needs more hyphal fungi to grow trees. And it's probably too rich for some veggies. I am not an expert in this yet. Watch this space.

What did we make it in?
In normal compost bin. One of those that just stands on the ground, and worms from the ground can get into it. (And they did get into it.) It has a lid on top. It's round, and about 50cm in diameter at the top. Bit wider down the bottom.

How did we make it?
We put all our food scraps, except for meat and bones, into it. So this included all vegetable, fruit and fish matter. (Yes, fish too! Including fish bones.) Tissues. Tea bags. Egg shells. Bread, rice, pasta. Onion and garlic peel. Orange and lemon peels. Avocado seeds. And when my daughter had not finished her dinner, it went into the compost too. Meat and all. (Please do note that these were usually very small amounts, like about two to four teaspoons, and it happens very infrequently. Perhaps once per three months.)

By the time we were digging it all out again, everything (except the fresh stuff on top) had been decomposed. The only thing we could recognise was the egg shells. And let them sit there I say. They provide great air pockets!

How long did it take?
We started the compost bin either in late 2006 or early 2007. After the first six months it was moved, together with all contents. About 18 months ago it was full, but then during a hot spell it sank down by 1/3rd. So we kept filling it up. We only filled it up on weekends, which is why it took so long to fill.

Compost Analysis

I set the microscope up on the kitchen table. Sabina dances around it impatiently.

I open the little jar with a compost sample and put it under the tap. "You're supposed to use distilled water, otherwise you might be introducing organisms", I muse. I look around. We don't have any distilled water. I turn the tap on, and start agitating the little jar.

Five minutes later, I pippette the murky solution onto the slide, Sabina breathing heavily over my shoulder. I slip the slide under the lense. "Mama can I have a look?" "No, not yet."

I turn the microscope on, and focus the lense. Even before I flick to maximum magnification, I see a nematode. A tiny little worm, moving left and right across the slide. I stand aside, and Sabina pokes her head over the lenses. She sees the nematode. Silence. Then she's off to play.

I observe the nematode for a while, trying to judge whether he is a good guy nematode. Then I go on with my analysis, or assay.

There is a fair bit of bacteria there, and a lot of amebea. But the amebea seem to be quite inactive. Very little fungi. But the fungi that I do find is amazing. There are probably only about 4 strands, but they are dark brown and really thick - about 5 micro metres. Wow. I have never seen fungi that good.

My conclusion is that the compost is "average". We need to add more fungal food to our compost. Obviously we have the capacity to produce some amazing fungi, but there is not enough food in there for the fungus to grow.

The microscope

So, we've got the compost heap, I've done the soils course, and I have the skills to identify the good stuff from the bad stuff in composts and compost teas.

Now I just need the microscope, right? Right.

I drive down to Darnum today to purchase a second hand Microscope from Agrisolutions (who ran the courses). As I arrive at the doorstep, I am met by a dismayed Carol. "Ania, I am so sorry. One of the girls has borrowed the microscope. She's just gone home to get it, but it will be another 45 minutes. Please come in for a cuppa."

I duck back to the car, grab Sabina and an assortment of colouring pencils, paper and toys, and follow Carol inside. The place is full of various organic books, magazines and posters. Sabina loves the Man-Sun on the biodynamic calendar, and we receive a free copy to hang on our wall at the farm. I get talking with Gerhard (company owner) and he shows me his "no-dig" veggie garden, and his orchard.

"Who gets the fruit?", I ask, looking at his assortment of 30 odd trees. "Well in the past it used to be 80/20, birds/me. But last year, I turned it around. I got 80% of the fruit", his eyes twinkle with a secret. I gaze at the orchard, which shows no netting, then at Gerhard. "Pigs", he says wisely. "Nature's way of bird and pest control. They eat everything that falls to the ground, and the birds seem to stay away." I am suitably impressed.

"The black pigs seem to be more effective. And it's better if they have a nose ring. They won't dig up the orchard so much then", he adds.

The microscope arrives. I get a quick lesson about the lenses, transport, and putting it all together. The contraption is put into a box, and strapped into the front seat of the car.

If the microscope hadn't arrived, I wonder what else I could have learnt?